Description

Application ontology for the Brandenburg 5000 BC sites dataset (Schmidt 2026).

Data namespace

http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/

URI patterns

FID-based, per-site nodes:

site_{FID} → bb5kbc:Fundstelle
site_{FID}_activity → bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet
site_{FID}_geom → sf:Point
site_{FID}_culture → bb5kbc:KulturelleZuordnung (per-site connector to shared Kulturgruppe)
site_{FID}_dating → bb5kbc:Datierung (per-site, with site-specific start/end/certainty)

Hash-based (MD5(label_utf8)[:8]), deduplicated:

gemeinde_{hash} → bb5kbc:Gemeinde
kreis_{hash} → bb5kbc:Kreis
bundesland_{hash} → bb5kbc:Bundesland
land_{hash} → bb5kbc:Land
kultur_{hash} → bb5kbc:Kulturgruppe (shared concept node)
entdeckung_{hash} → bb5kbc:Entdeckung
entdeckungsart_{hash} → bb5kbc:EntdeckungsartType
fundstellenart_{hash} → bb5kbc:FundstellenartType
pub_{hash} → bb5kbc:Publikation
methode_{hash} → fsl:MethodType
quellentyp_{hash} → fsl:SourceType
datmethode_{hash} → bb5kbc:DatierungsMethodeType
sherd_{hash} → bb5kbc:Scherbe (hash from Wikidata QID)

External identifiers (TGN + iDAI + OSM) on all 4 administrative levels.

CM Literals (on `bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet`)

quelle_georef (fsl:hasReference / fsl:activityDesc, P25) → xsd:string
QID_quelle_georef (fsl:hasReference, P31) → Wikidata URI
methode (fsl:method / fsl:methodUsed, P7) → fsl:MethodType Named Node
quellen_typ (fsl:hasSourceType + fsl:hasSourceTypeDetail, P6 + P16) → fsl:SourceType Named Node
methodenbeschr (fsl:activityDesc, P15) → xsd:string
genauigkeit_m (fsl:precision, P23) → xsd:decimal (on bb5kbc:Fundstelle)
wgs84_x/y (geosparql:asWKT) → on sf:Point (skip if both = 0,0)

Classes ↑

LADO Event^c # Classes

URI	`http://archaeology.link/ontology#Event`
Is Defined By	http://archaeology.link/ontology#
Super-classes	crm:E5_Event^c

LADO Location^c # Classes

URI	`http://archaeology.link/ontology#Location`
Is Defined By	http://archaeology.link/ontology#
Super-classes	pleiades:Location^c
Sub-classes	Fundstelle^c

LADO Place^c # Classes

URI	`http://archaeology.link/ontology#Place`
Is Defined By	http://archaeology.link/ontology#
Super-classes	pleiades:Place^c

LADO Place Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://archaeology.link/ontology#PlaceType`
Is Defined By	http://archaeology.link/ontology#
Super-classes	crm:E55_Type^c
Sub-classes	FundstellenartType^c

LADO Space-Time Item^c # Classes

URI	`http://archaeology.link/ontology#SpaceTimeItem`
Is Defined By	http://archaeology.link/ontology#
Super-classes	crm:E92_Spacetime_Volume^c
Sub-classes	KulturelleZuordnung^c

FSL Certainty Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/CertaintyType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c
Members	https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q24 https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q23 https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q113 https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q15

FSL Location^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/Location`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	prov:Location^c
Sub-classes	fsl:Site^c

FSL Location Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/LocationType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c
Members	https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q80

FSL Method Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/MethodType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c

FSL Point Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/PointType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c
Members	https://fuzzy-sl.wikibase.cloud/entity/Q126

FSL Site^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/Site`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Location^c
Sub-classes	Fundstelle^c

FSL Site Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/SiteType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c
Sub-classes	FundstellenartType^c

FSL Source Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/SourceType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Super-classes	fsl:Type^c

FSL Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/Type`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/
Sub-classes	fsl:CertaintyType^c fsl:SourceType^c fsl:LocationType^c fsl:SiteType^c fsl:MethodType^c fsl:PointType^c

Bundesland^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Bundesland`
Description	Federal state (Bundesland) or Voivodeship (NUTS-1). URI: bundesland_{MD5(label)[:8]}. External identifiers via CSV columns BL_TGN, BL_IDAI, BL_OSM_RELATION.
Super-classes	crm:E53_Place^c
In domain of	wikidataMatchDescription^dp inLand^op
In range of	inBundesland^op

Datierung^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Datierung`
Description	Dating / time span of a bb5kbc:KulturelleZuordnung. URI: culture_{hash}_dating (derived from parent KulturelleZuordnung hash). One per Fundstelle. Dual superclass: time:Interval (for dating_start/end integers via time:hasBeginning / time:hasEnd + time:inXSDgYear) and crm:E52_Time-Span (for CIDOC CRM compatibility). Properties: bb5kbc:datierungStart xsd:integer (dating_start, BP or BCE/CE) bb5kbc:datierungEnd xsd:integer (dating_end) bb5kbc:datierungMethode → bb5kbc:DatierungsMethodeType (dating_method QID) bb5kbc:datierungSicherheitStart xsd:string (dating_certainty_start) bb5kbc:datierungSicherheitEnd xsd:string (dating_certainty_end) bb5kbc:datierungSicherheitRange xsd:string (dating_certainty_range, e.g. 'ca.') skos:exactMatch / skos:closeMatch / skos:relatedMatch → Perio.do URI (dating_perio.do + dating_perio.do_match determine which SKOS property)
Super-classes	time:Interval^c crm:E52_Time-Span^c
In domain of	datierungSicherheitStart^dp datierungEnd^dp datierungStart^dp datierungMethode^op datierungSicherheitEnd^dp datierungSicherheitRange^dp
In range of	hatDatierung^op

DatierungsMethodeType^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/DatierungsMethodeType`
Description	Dating method type (e.g. C14, Literatur, Typology). URI: datmethode_{hash}. WD QID via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier (dating_method column).
Super-classes	crm:E55_Type^c
In range of	datierungMethode^op

Entdeckung^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Entdeckung`
Description	Discovery/encounter event. URI: site_{FID}_discovery. entdeckung column → rdfs:label literal (free text, 15 heterogeneous values including proper names like 'Ausgrabung Bersu' — not a Named Node). QID_entdeckung → bb5kbc:hatEntdeckungsart → bb5kbc:EntdeckungsartType (Named Node).
Super-classes	crmsci:S19_Encounter_Event^c
In domain of	hatEntdeckungsart^op
In range of	wurdeEntdecktDurch^op

EntdeckungsartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/EntdeckungsartType`
Description	Type of discovery/encounter (Ausgrabung, Lesefund, Einzelfund). crm:E55_Type as the type of a crmsci:S19_Encounter_Event — 'E55 Typus von S19 Begegnung' per Sophie's README. WD QID via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier.
Super-classes	crm:E55_Type^c
In range of	hatEntdeckungsart^op

Fundstelle^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Fundstelle`
Description	Physical archaeological site. Directly subClassOf crm:E27_Site ("piece of land in a particular configuration", CRM definition) as well as lado:Location and fsl:Site — both of which route through pleiades:Location → geosparql:SpatialObject → crm:E53_Place. crm:E27_Site is a subClassOf crm:E26_Physical_Feature → crm:E18_Physical_Thing → crm:E72_Legal_Object → crm:E70_Thing → crm:E1_CRM_Entity, and also via crm:E53_Place. FSL Wikibase metadata: fsl:certaintyLevel, fsl:certaintyDesc, fsl:spatialType, fsl:siteType, fsl:hasReference, geosparql:hasGeometry. PROV-O: prov:wasGeneratedBy → bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet (use bb5kbc:wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch as the typed subproperty); prov:wasAttributedTo → foaf:Person.
Super-classes	fsl:Site^c crm:E27_Site^c lado:Location^c
In domain of	hatKatalognummer^dp wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch^op wurdeEntdecktDurch^op hatFundstellenart^op hatFID^dp hatPublikation^op inGemeinde^op hatKulturelleZuordnung^op hatFundstellenID^dp hatGenauigkeit^dp hatScherbe^op

FundstellenartType^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/FundstellenartType`
Description	Site type (Siedlung, Grab, KGA, unbekannt). WD QID via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier.
Super-classes	lado:PlaceType^c fsl:SiteType^c
In range of	hatFundstellenart^op

Gemeinde^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Gemeinde`
Description	Municipality (Gemeinde / Gmina, LAU-2). URI: gemeinde_{MD5(label)[:8]}. External identifiers via CSV columns GEM_TGN, GEM_IDAI, GEM_OSM_RELATION.
Super-classes	crm:E53_Place^c
In domain of	wikidataMatchDescription^dp inKreis^op
In range of	inGemeinde^op

GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet`
Description	Georeferencing activity (FSL CM pattern). All 10 CM properties: P5 fsl:certaintyLevel → fsl:CertaintyType (derived from genauigkeit_m: high <50m, medium 50-500m, low >500m, dubious) P6 fsl:hasSourceType → fsl:SourceType Named Node (quellen_typ) P7 fsl:methodUsed → fsl:MethodType Named Node (methode) P13 fsl:certaintyDesc → xsd:string (methodenbeschr) P14 fsl:georeferencingBy → https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-2101 (fixed) prov:wasAssociatedWith → https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-2101 (fixed) P15 fsl:activityDesc → xsd:string (methodenbeschr) P16 fsl:hasSourceTypeDetail→ fsl:SourceType Named Node (quellen_typ, detail) P23 fsl:precision → xsd:decimal on bb5kbc:Fundstelle (genauigkeit_m) P24 fsl:hasLocationType → Findspot (fixed for all bb5kbc:Fundstelle) P25 fsl:hasReference → xsd:string (quelle_georef) P33 fsl:hasPointType → Representative Point (fixed for all sf:Point)
Super-classes	crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment^c prov:Activity^c
In range of	wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch^op

Kreis^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Kreis`
Description	District (Landkreis / Powiat, NUTS-3/LAU-1). URI: kreis_{MD5(label)[:8]}. External identifiers via CSV columns KREIS_TGN, KREIS_IDAI, KREIS_OSM_RELATION.
Super-classes	crm:E53_Place^c
In domain of	inBundesland^op wikidataMatchDescription^dp
In range of	inKreis^op

KulturelleZuordnung^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/KulturelleZuordnung`
Description	Spacetime assignment combining Fundstelle + Kulturgruppe + temporal period. URI: culture_{hash}. Has bb5kbc:hatDatierung → bb5kbc:Datierung (URI: culture_{hash}_dating).
Super-classes	lado:SpaceTimeItem^c
In domain of	hatDatierung^op hatKulturgruppe^op
In range of	hatKulturelleZuordnung^op

Kulturgruppe^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Kulturgruppe`
Description	Cultural group as a stable Named Node. URI: kultur_{MD5(label)[:8]}. 9 distinct values (SBK, SRK, BKK, FBG, Rössener Kultur, Guhrau, Mesolithikum, SBK?, SRK?). Uncertain assignments (SBK?, SRK?) get their own nodes. Perio.do URI (perio.do column, currently empty in CSV) will be added via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier when available.
Super-classes	crm:E4_Period^c
In range of	hatKulturgruppe^op

Land^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Land`
Description	Sovereign state (ISO 3166). URI: land_{MD5(label)[:8]}. External identifiers: TGN, iDAI, OSM via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier. Only 2 values in dataset: Deutschland, Polen.
Super-classes	crm:E53_Place^c
In domain of	wikidataMatchDescription^dp
In range of	inLand^op

Publikation^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Publikation`
Description	Archaeological publication (publikation_arch). WD QID via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier.
Super-classes	crm:E32_Authority_Document^c
In range of	hatPublikation^op

Scherbe^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/Scherbe`
Description	Ceramic sherd found at a Fundstelle (sherd column, 1-n Wikidata QIDs, delimiter \|). URI: sherd_{MD5(QID)[:8]}. Each QID gets its own Named Node typed bb5kbc:Scherbe, linked to its Wikidata entity via bb5kbc:hasExternalIdentifier.
Super-classes	crm:E22_Human-Made_Object^c
In range of	hatScherbe^op

External Identifier Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/externalIdentifierType`
Description	Type of external authority identifier (TGN, iDAI, OSM, Wikidata, Perio.do, GeoNames).
Super-classes	crm:E55_Type^c
In range of	has external identifier type^op
Members	bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_PerioDo bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_OSM bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_Wikidata bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_GeoNames bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_iDAI bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_TGN

Attribute Assignment^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E13_Attribute_Assignment`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E7_Activity^c
Sub-classes	GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet^c crmsci:S4_Observation^c

Physical Thing^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E18_Physical_Thing`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E72_Legal_Object^c
Sub-classes	crm:E22_Human-Made_Object^c crm:E26_Physical_Feature^c

CRM Entity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E1_CRM_Entity`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Sub-classes	crm:E70_Thing^c crm:E53_Place^c crm:E92_Spacetime_Volume^c crm:E55_Type^c crm:E2_Temporal_Entity^c crm:E52_Time-Span^c

Human-Made Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E22_Human-Made_Object`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E18_Physical_Thing^c
Sub-classes	Scherbe^c

Physical Feature^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E26_Physical_Feature`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E18_Physical_Thing^c
Sub-classes	crm:E27_Site^c

Site^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E27_Site`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E26_Physical_Feature^c crm:E53_Place^c
Sub-classes	Fundstelle^c

Temporal Entity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E2_Temporal_Entity`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	crm:E4_Period^c

Authority Document^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E32_Authority_Document`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E73_Information_Object^c
Sub-classes	Publikation^c

Period^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E4_Period`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E2_Temporal_Entity^c
Sub-classes	crm:E5_Event^c Kulturgruppe^c

Time-Span^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E52_Time-Span`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	Datierung^c

Place^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E53_Place`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	Gemeinde^c Land^c crm:E27_Site^c crmgeo:SP6_Declarative_Place^c Kreis^c Bundesland^c

Type^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E55_Type`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	EntdeckungsartType^c DatierungsMethodeType^c lado:PlaceType^c External Identifier Type^c

Event^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E5_Event`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E4_Period^c
Sub-classes	crm:E7_Activity^c lado:Event^c

Thing^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E70_Thing`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	crm:E73_Information_Object^c crm:E72_Legal_Object^c

Legal Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E72_Legal_Object`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E70_Thing^c
Sub-classes	crm:E18_Physical_Thing^c

Information Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E73_Information_Object`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E70_Thing^c
Sub-classes	crmgeo:SP5_Geometric_Place_Expression^c crm:E32_Authority_Document^c

Activity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E7_Activity`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E5_Event^c
Sub-classes	crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment^c

Spacetime Volume^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/E92_Spacetime_Volume`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/
Super-classes	crm:E1_CRM_Entity^c
Sub-classes	lado:SpaceTimeItem^c

Geometric Place Expression^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmgeo/SP5_Geometric_Place_Expression`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmgeo/
Super-classes	crm:E73_Information_Object^c

Declarative Place^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmgeo/SP6_Declarative_Place`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmgeo/
Super-classes	crm:E53_Place^c

Encounter Event^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmsci/S19_Encounter_Event`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmsci/
Super-classes	crmsci:S4_Observation^c
Sub-classes	Entdeckung^c

Observation^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmsci/S4_Observation`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/extensions/crmsci/
Super-classes	crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment^c
Sub-classes	crmsci:S19_Encounter_Event^c

Geometry^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry`
Is Defined By	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
Super-classes	geosparql:SpatialObject^c
Sub-classes	sf:Point^c

Spatial Object^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#SpatialObject`
Is Defined By	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
Sub-classes	geosparql:Geometry^c pleiades:Location^c

Point^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point`
Is Defined By	http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#
Super-classes	geosparql:Geometry^c

Concept^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
Sub-classes	pleiades:Place^c

Time Interval^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Interval`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
Super-classes	time:TemporalEntity^c
Sub-classes	Datierung^c

Temporal Entity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalEntity`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
Sub-classes	time:Interval^c

Activity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
Sub-classes	GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet^c

Agent^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
Sub-classes	foaf:Person^c
Members	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-2101

Entity^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

Location^c # Classes

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Location`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
Sub-classes	fsl:Location^c

Person^c # Classes

URI	`http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person`
Is Defined By	http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
Super-classes	prov:Agent^c
Members	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-2101

Pleiades Location^c # Classes

URI	`https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab#Location`
Is Defined By	https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab#
Super-classes	geosparql:SpatialObject^c
Sub-classes	lado:Location^c

Pleiades Place^c # Classes

URI	`https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab#Place`
Is Defined By	https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/vocab#
Super-classes	skos:Concept^c
Sub-classes	lado:Place^c

Object Properties ↑

certainty level
georeferencing by
has location type
has point type
has reference
has source type
has source type detail
located in administrative entity
method
method used
representative geometry
site type
datierungMethode
has external identifier
has external identifier type
hatDatierung
hatEntdeckungsart
hatFundstellenart
hatKulturelleZuordnung
hatKulturgruppe
hatPublikation
hatScherbe
inBundesland
inGemeinde
inKreis
inLand
wurdeEntdecktDurch
wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch
contains
was present at
has type
forms part of (object)
has time-span
is documented in
falls within
forms part of
has geometry
close match
exact match
related match
has beginning
has end
used
was associated with
was attributed to
was generated by

certainty level^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/certaintyLevel`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

georeferencing by^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/georeferencingBy`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

has location type^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/hasLocationType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

has point type^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/hasPointType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

has reference^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/hasReference`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

has source type^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/hasSourceType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

has source type detail^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/hasSourceTypeDetail`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

located in administrative entity^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/locatedInAdministrativeEntity`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

method^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/method`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

method used^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/methodUsed`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

representative geometry^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/representativeGeometry`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

site type^op # OPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/siteType`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

datierungMethode^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungMethode`
Super-properties	crm:P2_has_type^op
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:DatierungsMethodeType^c

has external identifier^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hasExternalIdentifier`
Description	Links a bb5kbc entity to a URI in an external authority (TGN, iDAI, OSM, Wikidata, Perio.do, GeoNames). Replaces arno:hasExternalIdentifier for this ontology.
Super-properties	skos:closeMatch^op
Domain(s)	owl:Thing^c
Range(s)	rdfs:Resource^c

has external identifier type^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hasExternalIdentifierType`
Description	Links an external authority URI to its identifier type (e.g. bb5kbc:ExternalIdentifier_TGN).
Domain(s)	rdfs:Resource^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:externalIdentifierType^c

hatDatierung^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatDatierung`
Description	Links a bb5kbc:KulturelleZuordnung to its bb5kbc:Datierung node. SubPropertyOf crm:P4_has_time-span.
Super-properties	crm:P4_has_time-span^op
Domain(s)	KulturelleZuordnung^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Datierung^c

hatEntdeckungsart^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatEntdeckungsart`
Description	Type of the discovery / encounter event (Ausgrabung, Lesefund, etc.). Subproperty of crm:P2_has_type.
Super-properties	crm:P2_has_type^op
Domain(s)	Entdeckung^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:EntdeckungsartType^c

hatFundstellenart^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatFundstellenart`
Description	Type of the archaeological site (Siedlung, Grab, KGA, etc.). Doubly anchored: subPropertyOf crm:P2_has_type (CRM type assignment) and fsl:siteType (FSL Wikibase site-type relation).
Super-properties	fsl:siteType^op crm:P2_has_type^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:FundstellenartType^c

hatKulturelleZuordnung^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatKulturelleZuordnung`
Super-properties	crm:P10i_contains^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:KulturelleZuordnung^c

hatKulturgruppe^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatKulturgruppe`
Super-properties	crm:P9i_forms_part_of^op
Domain(s)	KulturelleZuordnung^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Kulturgruppe^c

hatPublikation^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatPublikation`
Super-properties	crm:P70i_is_documented_in^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Publikation^c

hatScherbe^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatScherbe`
Description	Links a bb5kbc:Fundstelle to one or more bb5kbc:Scherbe instances (sherd column). SubPropertyOf crm:P46i_forms_part_of.
Super-properties	crm:P46i_forms_part_of^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Scherbe^c

inBundesland^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/inBundesland`
Super-properties	fsl:locatedInAdministrativeEntity^op crm:P89_falls_within^op
Domain(s)	Kreis^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Bundesland^c

inGemeinde^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/inGemeinde`
Super-properties	fsl:locatedInAdministrativeEntity^op crm:P89_falls_within^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Gemeinde^c

inKreis^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/inKreis`
Super-properties	fsl:locatedInAdministrativeEntity^op crm:P89_falls_within^op
Domain(s)	Gemeinde^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Kreis^c

inLand^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/inLand`
Super-properties	crm:P89_falls_within^op fsl:locatedInAdministrativeEntity^op
Domain(s)	Bundesland^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Land^c

wurdeEntdecktDurch^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/wurdeEntdecktDurch`
Super-properties	crm:P12i_was_present_at^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:Entdeckung^c

wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch^op # OPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/wurdeGeoreferenziertDurch`
Description	Links a Fundstelle to the georeferencing activity that produced its coordinates. Subproperty of prov:wasGeneratedBy (PROV-O provenance).
Super-properties	prov:wasGeneratedBy^op
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet^c

contains^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P10i_contains`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

was present at^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P12i_was_present_at`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

has type^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P2_has_type`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

forms part of (object)^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P46i_forms_part_of`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

has time-span^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P4_has_time-span`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

is documented in^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P70i_is_documented_in`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

falls within^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P89_falls_within`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

forms part of^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P9i_forms_part_of`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

has geometry^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#hasGeometry`
Is Defined By	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#

close match^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

exact match^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

related match^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#relatedMatch`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#

has beginning^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasBeginning`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#

has end^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasEnd`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#

used^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

was associated with^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

was attributed to^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

was generated by^op # OPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#

Datatype Properties ↑

activity description^dp # DPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/activityDesc`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

certainty description^dp # DPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/certaintyDesc`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

precision^dp # DPs

URI	`http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/precision`
Is Defined By	http://fuzzy-sl.squirrel.link/ontology/

identifier^dp # DPs

URI	`http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier`
Is Defined By	http://purl.org/dc/terms/

datierungEnd^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungEnd`
Description	End of the dating range (dating_end). Integer year (negative = BCE). SubPropertyOf crm:P82b_end_of_the_end.
Super-properties	crm:P82b_end_of_the_end^dp
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	xsd:integer^c

datierungSicherheitEnd^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungSicherheitEnd`
Description	Certainty qualifier for dating_end (dating_certainty_end). SubPropertyOf fsl:certaintyDesc.
Super-properties	fsl:certaintyDesc^dp
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

datierungSicherheitRange^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungSicherheitRange`
Description	Certainty qualifier for the overall range (dating_certainty_range, e.g. 'ca.'). SubPropertyOf fsl:certaintyDesc.
Super-properties	fsl:certaintyDesc^dp
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

datierungSicherheitStart^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungSicherheitStart`
Description	Certainty qualifier for dating_start (dating_certainty_start). SubPropertyOf fsl:certaintyDesc.
Super-properties	fsl:certaintyDesc^dp
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

datierungStart^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/datierungStart`
Description	Start of the dating range (dating_start). Integer year (negative = BCE). SubPropertyOf crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin; use time:hasBeginning / time:inXSDgYear for OWL Time.
Super-properties	crm:P82a_begin_of_the_begin^dp
Domain(s)	Datierung^c
Range(s)	xsd:integer^c

hatFID^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatFID`
Description	Primary identifier (PID) of the Fundstelle in the Schmidt 2026 catalogue (FID column). SubPropertyOf both `crm:P1_is_identified_by` and `dcterms:identifier` — appears as `dcterms:identifier "1"^^xsd:integer` (explicit identifier statement). URI basis: `http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/site_{FID}` `http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/site_{FID}_activity` `http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/site_{FID}_geom`
Super-properties	crm:P1_is_identified_by^dp dcterms:identifier^dp
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	xsd:integer^c

hatFundstellenID^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatFundstellenID`
Super-properties	crm:P1_is_identified_by^dp
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

hatGenauigkeit^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatGenauigkeit`
Description	Spatial accuracy in metres (genauigkeit_m). SubPropertyOf fsl:precision.
Super-properties	fsl:precision^dp
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	xsd:decimal^c

hatKatalognummer^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/hatKatalognummer`
Super-properties	crm:P1_is_identified_by^dp
Domain(s)	Fundstelle^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

wikidataMatchDescription^dp # DPs

URI	`http://w3id.org/bb5kbc/ont/wikidataMatchDescription`
Description	Audit note in plain text describing how this administrative entity was matched against Wikidata: method (exact / fuzzy / override / transitive P131+), normalisation steps applied, search label and matched label, and the confidence score. Carried over verbatim from the matchReason field produced by wikidata_map.py during CSV enrichment. Multiple rdfs:domain triples are used (Land, Bundesland, Kreis, Gemeinde) rather than owl:unionOf, to keep auto-generated SHACL shapes simple — the auto-generator picks the first domain. The semantic restriction is: the property applies to any of the four administrative-area classes.
Domain(s)	Bundesland^c Gemeinde^c Land^c Kreis^c
Range(s)	xsd:string^c

is identified by^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P1_is_identified_by`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

has note^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P3_has_note`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

begin of the begin^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P82a_begin_of_the_begin`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

end of the end^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/P82b_end_of_the_end`
Is Defined By	http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/

as WKT^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#asWKT`
Is Defined By	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#

in XSD gYear^dp # DPs

URI	`http://www.w3.org/2006/time#inXSDgYear`
Is Defined By	http://www.w3.org/2006/time#

^c	Classes
^op	Object Properties
^fp	Functional Properties
^dp	Data Properties
^ap	Annotation Properties
^p	Properties
ⁿⁱ	Named Individuals

Brandenburg 5000 BC Sites Ontology

Metadata

Description

Data namespace

URI patterns

CM Literals (on bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet)

Table of Contents

Overview

Classes ↑

LADO Eventc # Classes

LADO Locationc # Classes

LADO Placec # Classes

LADO Place Typec # Classes

LADO Space-Time Itemc # Classes

FSL Certainty Typec # Classes

FSL Locationc # Classes

FSL Location Typec # Classes

FSL Method Typec # Classes

FSL Point Typec # Classes

FSL Sitec # Classes

FSL Site Typec # Classes

FSL Source Typec # Classes

FSL Typec # Classes

Bundeslandc # Classes

Datierungc # Classes

DatierungsMethodeTypec # Classes

Entdeckungc # Classes

EntdeckungsartTypec # Classes

Fundstellec # Classes

FundstellenartTypec # Classes

Gemeindec # Classes

GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaetc # Classes

Kreisc # Classes

KulturelleZuordnungc # Classes

Kulturgruppec # Classes

Landc # Classes

Publikationc # Classes

Scherbec # Classes

External Identifier Typec # Classes

Attribute Assignmentc # Classes

Physical Thingc # Classes

CRM Entityc # Classes

Human-Made Objectc # Classes

Physical Featurec # Classes

Sitec # Classes

Temporal Entityc # Classes

Authority Documentc # Classes

Periodc # Classes

Time-Spanc # Classes

Placec # Classes

Typec # Classes

Eventc # Classes

Thingc # Classes

Legal Objectc # Classes

Information Objectc # Classes

Activityc # Classes

Spacetime Volumec # Classes

Geometric Place Expressionc # Classes

Declarative Placec # Classes

Encounter Eventc # Classes

Observationc # Classes

Geometryc # Classes

Spatial Objectc # Classes

Pointc # Classes

Conceptc # Classes

Time Intervalc # Classes

Temporal Entityc # Classes

Activityc # Classes

Agentc # Classes

Entityc # Classes

Locationc # Classes

Personc # Classes

Pleiades Locationc # Classes

Pleiades Placec # Classes

Object Properties ↑

certainty levelop # OPs

georeferencing byop # OPs

has location typeop # OPs

has point typeop # OPs

has referenceop # OPs

CM Literals (on `bb5kbc:GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet`)

LADO Event^c # Classes

LADO Location^c # Classes

LADO Place^c # Classes

LADO Place Type^c # Classes

LADO Space-Time Item^c # Classes

FSL Certainty Type^c # Classes

FSL Location^c # Classes

FSL Location Type^c # Classes

FSL Method Type^c # Classes

FSL Point Type^c # Classes

FSL Site^c # Classes

FSL Site Type^c # Classes

FSL Source Type^c # Classes

FSL Type^c # Classes

Bundesland^c # Classes

Datierung^c # Classes

DatierungsMethodeType^c # Classes

Entdeckung^c # Classes

EntdeckungsartType^c # Classes

Fundstelle^c # Classes

FundstellenartType^c # Classes

Gemeinde^c # Classes

GeoreferenzierungsAktivitaet^c # Classes

Kreis^c # Classes

KulturelleZuordnung^c # Classes

Kulturgruppe^c # Classes

Land^c # Classes

Publikation^c # Classes

Scherbe^c # Classes

External Identifier Type^c # Classes

Attribute Assignment^c # Classes

Physical Thing^c # Classes

CRM Entity^c # Classes

Human-Made Object^c # Classes

Physical Feature^c # Classes

Site^c # Classes

Temporal Entity^c # Classes

Authority Document^c # Classes

Period^c # Classes

Time-Span^c # Classes

Place^c # Classes

Type^c # Classes

Event^c # Classes

Thing^c # Classes

Legal Object^c # Classes

Information Object^c # Classes

Activity^c # Classes

Spacetime Volume^c # Classes

Geometric Place Expression^c # Classes

Declarative Place^c # Classes

Encounter Event^c # Classes

Observation^c # Classes

Geometry^c # Classes

Spatial Object^c # Classes

Point^c # Classes

Concept^c # Classes

Time Interval^c # Classes

Temporal Entity^c # Classes

Activity^c # Classes

Agent^c # Classes

Entity^c # Classes

Location^c # Classes

Person^c # Classes

Pleiades Location^c # Classes

Pleiades Place^c # Classes

certainty level^op # OPs

georeferencing by^op # OPs

has location type^op # OPs

has point type^op # OPs

has reference^op # OPs

has source type^op # OPs

has source type detail^op # OPs

located in administrative entity^op # OPs

method^op # OPs

method used^op # OPs

representative geometry^op # OPs

site type^op # OPs

datierungMethode^op # OPs

has external identifier^op # OPs